**Part #1:** **Sanjeeva also discussed:** Sanjeeva also mentions problems faced by stutterers during video conferencing. In the absence of body language, it is difficult to inject your self into the converstation because you can’t get words out at the right time. When you do, it is often too late. With voice-driven menus that banks, airlines and everybody else is now using, I often here the response “Sorry, I didn’t get that” when you are trying to get the word out. As I gained confidence in my abilities, and especially when my peers, who were all new to me, accepted me despite my stuttering, my stuttering began to decrease. So identifying the problems, is the most important step in finding a solution. When I lecture, I have realized plenty of preparation leads to stutter-free delivery. I usually jot down the point I want to make by either jotting down either on a paper pad or make a mental note, before I start speaking. If I think I haven’t thought about how to say it, I usually don’t say it. Living with the attitude that “this too will pass” might reduce the stress and anxiety. Taking advantage of neuroplasticity to stop stuttering is the central point of my paper even though I failed to suggest any techniques or recipes. I told myself that there are alternate pathways from my brain to my vocal mechanism that I can call upon, or that there are negative inputs into speech pathway that I have to block. By consciously doing this, I guess one can exploit neuroplasticity. About why I didn’t feel stressed until I was in preteens: In my preteens, I was completely oblivious to other people’s feelings or I didn’t really care. Only when I began to pay attention to how others reacted to my speech and behavior, and I tried to be, i.e., speak, like others, that I felt inferior and got stressed out. Once I realized I that I was speaking with out stutter for extended periods, it reinforced my belief that I can speak without stuttering. But all this were transitory, and I would stutter at the most inopportune moments. I try not to think of what I want to say. This is possible only if I have carefully prepared what I am going to before a class lecture or a presentation. As a side benefit, the confidence that derives from careful preparation reduces anxiety. Anything that reduced anxiety is most effective. Not being worried about the consequence of your speech is also effective. There are some mechanical steps that has also helped me. One of this is taking a deep breath and pausing to think through what I am going to say, even though a pause might appear to last forever. The other is pacing your speech to an internal metronome, like tapping your fingers. Unfortunately, many of these all these are psychological tricks that are aimed to rewire the brain. For an adult, the path I took namely understanding why stuttering occurs and how others have dealt with it will help. \~ Sanjeeva (PhD)