Exactly! Great comment! If we think we are going to stutter (as you pointed out), the more likely we will actually stutter. And thus, what most of us then aim for is to rely on the expectation to "reduce" such anticipation (aka we start creating a "rule" that decides when to move the speech muscles to say the planned words). However, the problem is, that this reinforces a vicious cycle: The more we stutter the more we "develop" such anticipation. The less we stutter, the less we develop such anticipation. But as long as we blame such anticipation, and thus, as long as we rely on reducing such anticipation (which seems to be what we were doing most of our stuttering lives), we stay stuck in this cycle, because we won't reduce stuttering > and thus, we won't reduce anticipation, continuing this loop. **Question**: So (as per the title), isn't it then more effective **to stop relying on anticipation altogether** (*to break such vicious loop*) rather than relying on the expectation to reduce anticipation? (Do you see the difference?)