We have to evaluate these claims. >anxiety and talking is a vicious cycle, 1 bad experience where you (i) stuttered, created another bad experience and lead to repeated bad experiences talking and **stuttering**. (my 1st bad experience was in kindergarten/1st grade when a teacher called on me for an answer and I didn't know it, so I stuttered, lead to more bad experiences etc. ) We don't know how stuttering works, but this suggested model definitely doesn't sound right. Stutter doesn't just come about through "vicious cycles". - >your **subconscious** system when someone stutters is being over protective and see something as a great threat and we need to '"reset that protective system" Whenever someone uses the word "subconscious", we must ask them where they have it from. As a folk-psychology term, it isn't valid. As a scientific term, it's likely attached to defunct paradigms. - >In my opinion, the piece about the subconscious being overprotective when there is a perceived "threat" makes SOOOO much sense WHY I / most people that stutter. It makes sense why I can be **100% fluent when I'm alone**, or comfortable with certain people, but then the next minute, completely stutter. THAT (finally) makes sense to me. It's possible to stutter while alone. I'll grant you that stutter is hugely influenced by the presence of others, but like you say, sometimes it's not. So why should we think there's one singular mechanism behind this? That's not a good way of thinking about it. - All in all, if you feel like you're making progress, that's great! Mindset is an important of stuttering. But be careful what you conclude, because it might end up working against you further down the line.