Basically.. I think that this could lead to (*I extracted this from Brocklehurst, PhD*): * Subconsciously reminding ourselves that past patterns repeat, and thus, we subconsciously tend to presume that because we blocked on a particular word in a particular situation in the past that we will therefore block on it in similar situations in the future. * We stay open to the possibility that our anticipation of a negative experience may lead to an actual negative experience." In the viewpoint of cognitive distortions, I think that it can lead to: * self-fulfilling Prophecy, * magnifying our stutter disorder (e.g., catastrophizing: perceiving themselves to be abnormally error-prone rather than accepting that their language and speech production capacity is mildly impaired), * downplaying successes, * setting negative expectations (e.g., 'I am unable to resolve the poorly fine-tuning of the release threshold' 'Stuttering is always looming around the corner, even during fluent speech. Feeling like attaining freedom but without closure, e.g., because we attribute a word spoken stuttered/fluently to 'luck' or 'the next time it might be stuttered' or global causes, rather than attributing it to the poorly fine-tuning of the release threshold which is a defensive mechanism that allows/prevents thoughts to say out loud), * exhibiting an external locus of control (e.g., externalizing responsibility, not feeling responsible for or not believing that you play an active role in the fine-tuning of the execution threshold), * incorrect labeling (e.g., labeling ‘scanning for stuttering anticipation’ as new-information-seeking or reassurance-seeking, which actually tricks us into thinking it's helpful rather than acknowledging that this actually leads to imagining more doubt and possibility to stutter), * reinforcing information that aligns with their existing beliefs (while ignoring positive beliefs / consequences / evidence / the bigger picture), * reinforcing Anticipatory Struggle: Believing that speech is difficult while immersing themselves in a subconscious image of themselves as a stutterer, like if the stuttering stops for a long enough time, it is as if the subconscious becomes ‘worried’ and tries to restore the status quo by increasing base-level physiological arousal - as a result the stutterer resumes his stuttering and the subconscious is ‘reassured’, we find it difficult to really come to terms with our new fluency achieved ("But this isn’t me"), and our subconscious wants to get back to that 'safe' self-image of ourselves stuttering. We make the trigger more vivid, personal and meaningful, we make the sensation of loss of control more real or give it more credibility Your thoughts?