Regarding the question in the main post about trigger. Probably the most well-known use of the term triggers is by Ann Packman where she differentiates between “distal causes” (such as, predispositions, risk factors, and even our beliefs) and “proximal causes” of stuttering. Proximal causes (i.e., triggers) tends to be used for causes that occur immediately prior to a moment of stuttering. In most PWS there are almost always a combination of both proximal and distal causes. Certainly all moments of stuttering are triggered by something, and all people who stutter have some or other predisposing factors. My questions: * How do you think stutter triggers - like, fear of failure and stutter anticipation are shaped? * Which theoretical frameworks (from the diagram in the main post) do you think are most relevant to your own stutter triggers?