They've all addressed symptoms, but not the root cause. Certain methods, such as DAF, work very well for some. For others, they offer limited benefit, or relief that subsides once the brain "figures out" what's happening. The latter was my experience with DAF, and why I'm skeptical of the field as a whole. I don't put any stock into group therapy or sessions or most anything advertised. I treat them like weight loss pills on TV. The most we can do right now is a) make sure the PWS is "comfortable" with it (which, judging from your other posts, is where you need to start, OP) b) work on making sure the PWS at least knows techniques that help. No SLP can make someone follow their advice. I was personally taught things like easy-onsets, connected speech, etc. They'd probably help more if I actually used them, but mine's not severe enough I find myself falling back on them. As technologies like fMRI continue to advance, and our knowledge of the brain and neuroscience expands, I'm confident we'll find a consistent-enough cure (or at the least at treatment) for what I'd now classify as idiopathic stuttering. That is to say, developmental, as opposed to acquired, like from an injury (see: Drew Lynch).