I agree completely with everything you said. I think that certain foods/medication leads to reduced stuttering, I can't find the exact research but it's most likely somewhere in these [google results](https://www.google.com/search?q=stuttering+medicine+%222024%22+%22research%22). In contrast, there have also been many foods/drinks suggested that are probably a form of placebo. Consider these reddit posts: Here is a [poll](https://www.reddit.com/r/Stutter/comments/hk759e/coffee_makes_stuttering_worde/): **Does coffee make your stuttering worse?** * 40 people voted for: No * 26 people voted for: Yes Another [poll ](https://www.reddit.com/r/Stutter/comments/myhtb6/do_you_drink_coffee/)states: **Do you drink coffee and how does it affect your stutter?** * 60 people voted for: No * 122 people voted for: Yes, but it doesn't affect my stutter * 28 people voted for: Yes, and it makes my stutter worse Here are more posts with the same question.. [Post](https://www.reddit.com/r/Stutter/comments/5zdzah/does_caffeine_make_you_stutter_more/): Does caffeine make you stutter more? This is a question for you guys but mostly I want to share that I've learned about Theanine. Theanine counteracts the heart flutters and jittery side effects of caffeine. Just take a capsule with or before your drink. [Post](https://www.reddit.com/r/Stutter/comments/160zrdx/decreased_stuttering_with_caffeine/): Decreased stuttering with caffeine. Hey guys, I’ve been stuttering (that I can remember) for 18 years. Recently I have found that if I heavily caffeinate myself, mu stuttering is at a minimum. I did a literature review and found that in most instances stimulant use has been shown to worsen stuttering, but I’m curious to know if anyone else has experienced similar effect with caffeine (or other stimulants). \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Conclusion:** So, I think it seems that for some PWS (people who stutter), caffeine might increase stuttering, while for others, it might reduce it. I’m not sure if the statement *“In terms of neurobiology, caffeine improves stuttering”* is true or not—it could be, but I think the cognitive component i.e., the value judgement plays a significant role too. I mean. If we believe that coffee, alcohol, smoking, or any placebo will help our stuttering in some way, we may mentally relax our speech execution regulation. This loosening of speech execution regulation could perhaps potentially reduce the likelihood of a freeze or panic response being triggered?! That’s just my perspective, though I’m not an expert in medical drugs. From what I’ve read, dopamine-related drugs may bypass the evaluation step of the basal ganglia, which could lead to more fluent speech.. not sure if this is true. They suggested in the research that these drugs are unlikely to be long-term effective treatments since they don’t address the root issue or problem: the evaluation process of words/situations/etc in our bioneurology in the long run.