Referring to my last statement: Teaching stuttering modification or fluency shaping may reinforce “stuttering is bad”, “hide stuttering at all cost” etc. These strategies are very rarely successful in the long run and the client’s failure much of time is blamed on them. “You didn’t practice enough.” “You don’t care if you are not using the strategies”. “I have taught you all I can so I am dismissing me you, you choose to use what I taught you or not. This is all very damaging and one of the reason stuttering modification and fluency shaping is no longer the primary treatment for stuttering. Take a look at this research article from the amazing Dr. Chris Constantino discussing spontaneity. https://www.academia.edu/84791195/The_Speakers_Experience_of_Stuttering_Measuring_Spontaneity I am a person who stutters, and an SLP that treats stuttering. Feel free to private message me if you want to dig deeper in this conversation.