>Choral Reading for Fluency? After reading 100s of stutter books/research I'd like to share my viewpoint: If we stutter (on auto-pilot), then during a speech block we don't **have the intention** to move our tongue. This [diagram](https://i.imgur.com/nElRklJ.png) that I created, explains this in more detail Non-stutterers also **need** to have intention to move their tongue during speech (otherwise they won't be able to speak). So, 'having the intention to move your tongue' is a fluency law that is required to speak. Whereas people who stutter often switch their focus to secondary behaviors, tension, substituting words or changing what and how to say it as well as focusing on trying to convince their anticipatory fear, continually saying 'it's okay' as reassurance-seeking and reacting to anticipatory fear by panicking and feeling bothered by stuttering. The negative effect of focusing on these unhelpful reactions/interventions is that people who stutter - then stop focusing on the intention to move their tongue which results in a speech block. This [diagram](https://i.imgur.com/upOYEyB.png) explains the unhelpful reactions/interventions better **Choral speech**: The reason that, when people who stutter speak fluently during choral speech - have no differences in the brain compared to non-stutterers, is likely because they replace the focus from: * 'negatively evaluating, monitoring anticipation, reacting to anticipatory fear and doing interventions' to * focusing on other people's voices (during choral speech) and focusing on keeping up with the timing and rhythm and stop worrying about hitting the right notes