> can speak perfectly fluent when they are alone. That doesn't mean anything decisive. All it might mean is that their emotions/anxiety aren't exacerbating their conditions, therefore making it manageable. That doesn't mean it just magically disappears. It just makes it possible to traverse it. >there is no sound research that stuttering is caused by a miscommunication between the brain and body. This is bollocks. There is a ton of research out there, most concluding that even if they can't pinpoint the exact cause, that stuttering *has shown to be* caused by one or more factors, including genetics (60% of stutterers have family members who stutter, and this is obviously physiological), developmental speech delays in children, neurophysiology (abnormalities in speech motor control), and brain trauma. As The Stuttering Foundation says: >*It is probable that what causes stuttering differs from what makes it continue or get worse.* The misunderstanding of emotions always being at the root of stuttering doesn't take this into account. You think because you're comfortable and confident and no longer stutter, negative emotions are surely the cause. Well, I don't get a stuffy nose in December, but that doesn't mean cold weather has cured my allergies, you know? The National Stuttering Foundation's snapshot of 2015's research concludes: >Today, **we know that stuttering is not caused by psychological trauma, unsupportive comments by parents, neurosis, or other people talking about their speech**. We understand that difficulties with verbal expression have significant psychological consequences for both children and adults who stutter, but **the root cause of stuttering is not of a psychological nature**. As well as this: >Research has shown that stuttering **is not caused by psychological pressure or behavioral abnormalities**. It is not caused by parental mishandling of normal speech or incorrect speech production. >**Stuttering has been shown to be a genetically influenced, neurological condition associated with observable, measurable differences in both the structure and function of the brain**. People who stutter are not doing anything wrong; they are simply doing the best they can with a neurological system that is not wired for the production of smooth speech. There are some great research articles on stuttering: http://www.stutteringhelp.org/basic-research You'll notice a lot of them focus on genetics--something *inherent in us*--as opposed to emotional issues, which are undoubtedly a trigger for most stutterers, if not the underlying cause.