Great question! You asked: *"In your mind, how do we tune down \[or train\] the right amygdala’s sensitivity?"* At its core I think stuttering is more of an **associative** problem rather than a fear-based one. See the screenshot below for a deeper explanation. On the right side of the image you’ll find a list of factors that prevent people who stutter (PWS) from reaching stuttering remission. In other words, **elements** that block extinction of the conditioned stimuli. My argument is that, to fine-tune the brain’s threshold for releasing speech (so words/sounds aren’t suppressed by excessive error-avoidance), we should target those **elements** on the right side of the image that maintain the conditioning. Your thoughts? https://preview.redd.it/8tdy0a9i5wuf1.jpeg?width=1415&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=589c0e03ba7633121483890aaadb288503a8f8a8 See [screenshot](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pk6CBJY2mcg6BiFXV07-EWVBFgwSBMbF/view?usp=sharing).