So stuttering could increase if the subconscious mind interprets "loud noise" as: \- "I need to speak better/perfectly" or "He probably won't understand me correctly" or any other reason. It can even be a fake reason. However, it's important to understand that NON-STUTTERERS might also feel the need to speak better/perfectly, they might also sometimes think that the listener will not understand them correctly, they might also feel pressure or anticipate failing or whatnot. Yet, non-stutterers do not stutter. This is very important to understand. In the same way, not ALL stutterers will stutter when they feel that they need to speak more perfectly, or if they fear people won't understand them. I mean, do you get what I'm saying? It's NOT the stimulus that affects stuttering. The stimulus doesn't increase/decrease stuttering by itself. Even if we have negative beliefs/emotions about those stimuli, it still doesn't increase/decrease stuttering by itself. What then? What is increasing/decreasing stuttering then? Answer: In my own opinion, I think it's when our subconscious LINKS the stimulus with speech execution. For example, if our subconscious constantly relies on the NEED that it needs more confidence, then over time, thru repeated reinforcement, a lack of confidence can be LINKED to the action/decision: "The subconscious allows/prevents the execution of the speech plan excessively" (or it excessively over regulates WHEN the speech plan should be executed) = the conditioned response. And then if we try to speak ANYWAY during a moment when the subconscious doesn't allow speech execution (i.e., approach-avoidance conflict, or cognitive conflict, or panic response.. however you wanna call it), then stuttering is guaranteed. Your thoughts?