I’m trying to integrate concepts from classical and operant conditioning into a stutter model. Specifically, I’m looking at how **neutral stimuli** (paired with a **second stimulus**) become **conditioned stimuli**. I’m focusing on: 1. **Acquisition Phase**: How the neutral stimulus (NS) becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus (US), leading to the conditioned response (CR) 2. **Association Phase**: When we begin to anticipate the conditioned response (CR) in response to the conditioned stimulus (CS). In the context of stuttering, I’m trying to map out how **negative and positive associations** can either reinforce or weaken the conditioned stimulus 3. **Extinction Phase**: When the association between the CS and CR weakens over time, ideally leading to reverting the conditioned stimulus back to a neutral stimulus.. though I’m also exploring what leads to extinction failure. Do you have any knowledge about operant or classical conditioning (or both!) that could help shed light on this? Any resources, or insights about these phases, or the mechanics behind extinction and association formation, would be incredibly helpful! Thanks in advance for any guidance!