In my opinion: I think the model that Sanjeeva visualizes (between speech planning and the outward manifestations) seem to cover a tiny speck regarding the missing gap by Van Riper (and others). As with all stutter theories, theories have pros and cons. While there may be things I disagree with (such as the statement that anxiety almost invariably exarcerbates stuttering stated by Sanjeeva, which I think is incorrect). I think that in general terms we could learn from his theory, such that: **Distal causes:** Stuttering has genetic and neurological roots Its early onset can be triggered by stimuli **Proximal causes:** Sanjeeva's stuttering almost disappeared the instant he landed in the U.S. Perhaps because no one in the U.S. knew him. But it reappeared without warning on many occasions. **What is the underlying idea behind this "intermittent stuttering" and "semblance of fluency"?** **Stutter loop:** Speech planning **Anxiety-provoking stimuli:** awareness of stuttering no support feeling uncomfortable in their manner of speech and with the response of their listeners anticipatory thoughts about stuttering Controlled fluency hides my stuttering but I feel like an impostor (i.e., a stutterer masquerading as a fluent speaker) Stimuli cause mis-timed proactive signals and trigger unwarranted feedback in the stutterer’s neural network that processes speech. **Semblance of fluency-loop:** Speech planning A motor is instructed by a controller to execute the speech plan Distraction from anxiety-provoking stimuli (replace impaired feedback pathways with fluency-promoting feedback) (replace proactive stimuli with constructive forward control)