This explains some situations: 1. A person does not stutter (or stutters very little) when speaking alone because there is no social pressure, meaning negative emotions are not present to trigger the disintegration effect. 2. Stuttering increases in socially pressured situations, such as public speaking or presenting something, cause these situations naturally intensifies negative emotions (like fear or anxiety), which is true even for people who do not stutter. So, the desintegration effect is more present in these situations. The emotional predisposition to the disintegration effect is a neurophysiological trait genetically inherited, which explains the concentration of stuttering in certain families. This is part of the explanation. The second part, which I have concluded, is as follows: A person who stutters intuitively learns to perform motor movements while speaking in an attempt to "prevent" stuttering (applying force to the muscles of the mouth, neck, tongue, engaging in specific breathing patterns, etc.), either involuntarily or not (which the science of speech-language pathology will be able to explain better, as it is related to the mechanical aspects of speech). All of this ultimately worsens stuttering because these movements are artificial and unnecessary for fluent speech. These actions only reinforce disfluencies, as speech is a fine motor activity, whereas the person who stutters attempts to correct their stuttering with gross motor activity. Fluent speakers do not exert any muscular effort to be fluent—it happens effortlessly, without any additional force, and if the same force was applied, it would probably worsen disfluency. Over time, speaking with force becomes so habitual and natural for a person who stutters that it is extremely difficult for them not to use force, as it has become their "natural" way of speaking. Thus, the situation can be described as follows: A person who stutters has a low threshold for the speech disintegration effect **+** engages in unnecessary efforts that worsen fluency. To make matters worse, these unnecessary behaviors also become associated with negative emotions: when we feel threatened, pressured, or something similar (situations that trigger fear and anxiety), there is a tendency to exhibit these movements more frequently, since they are supposed to "prevent" stuttering (or at least, that’s what our brain believes, which does not actually happen). The issue is that these two factors are difficult to control: we do not control our emotions, and we perform useless efforts (which we believe to be helpful) involuntarily. In other words, correcting this requires a lot of work and is probably impossible to fully resolve. Even if it could be, the neurophysiological basis of stuttering would still exist, meaning our fluency would still be inferior to that of people who do not have this predisposition. What do you think about it? Thats a cool theory, isnt it? We have genetic fatores + emotional factors + behavior factors