u/bookaholic4life # You mentioned: >*"There are many cases of young children who don’t display any feelings or negative emotions until later childhood. It's not caused by emotions but exacerbated. If I’m understanding the information correctly, which I may not be, it seems like stuttering supposedly is a learned process of speech."* I agree with you that emotions may or may not exarcerbate stuttering. However, what manages this distinction? What rules apply to it? How would you answer this? I think the problem in many research studies is that researchers and even SLPs do not provide clear definitions. What is stuttering? What is and isn't learned in stuttering? How does emotions exactly exarcerbate stuttering? What exactly disrupts the automatic processes? What exactly is the fear-panic response in response to the approach-avoidance conflict? What is the reflexive freeze response in stuttering in detail? What is the unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response in the context of stuttering? How exactly thru conditioning does anticipation trigger the unconditioned response? How would you answer those questions?